Industrialization+in+Germany


 * INDUSTRIALIZATION IN GERMANY **

=Th= BISMARCK… AN INFLUENCIAL ECONOMIC LEADER…
 * Under Bismarck, Germany provided medical insurance and social security. Social security programs are those by which modern states rellocate and to some extent redistribute the incomes of individuals in order to protect them against income interruptions.


 * Bismarck was primarily concerned with protecting the traditional political system and extending the power of the empire.
 * He established a new economic order that united capitalism and the aristocracy.
 * He protected of Germany's foreign policy interests through international alignments.
 * He instituted anti-socialist laws against the socialist movement.
 * Although the process of the early German system was influenced by paternalistic traditions, it was politically motivated.
 * Manufacturing…**
 * Industrialization in England set the past for Industrilization in Germany. Germans borrowed English textile manufacturing, iron and steel production, steam engines and railways. Soon Germany was able to outcompete England through its production of cheap and poor-quality goods. Hence, the mark " Made in Germany " often connoted "cheap and nasty" products.
 * Manufacturing has been seen as the stronghold of the economy for the last 200 years. The 'made in Germany' label has become a strong trademark, and is especially valued by politicians. Many raw materials have to be imported, such as iron ore, oil and natural gas. The extraction of the formerly rich coal deposits in the Ruhr region has also declined because of high costs of production. Ruhrukhole AG, the leading coal mining company of the Ruhr region in the past, has become a highly modernized mining company in order to meet new economic competitive challenges. The region, once considered as the powerhouse of Europe, has undergone many changes during the last decades and is now recovering. The strongest industrial sector is Germany's automobile industry. Firms like Mercedes, BMW, and others have excellent worldwide reputations.The broad range of services provided by the German economy can only be shortly mentioned. A long standing tradition of a high level of domestic and foreign trade is very important to Germany's strong specialized economy and its centralized location within Europe.


 * Moving Toward Industrialization…**
 * During the Napoleonic period, Napoleon incorporated the southern side of the Rhine Valley of Germany was incorporated into his domain. At that time France was, despite its economic shortcomings with respect to England and Belgium, far more advanced than Germany. This period of forced integration with France stimulated economic advancement in the Rhine Valley. In 1815 this area became independent of France however, it kept some of the economic and institutional reforms that they encountered during the Napoleonic period. Serfdom and the guilds were abolished. Other remnants of fedualism were abolished that limited commerce and industry. In addition, Prussia brought the concept of a common market in 1818 and in 1833 a treaty extended the Zollverein to the larger states of Germany, although Austria, by Prussian design was excluded.
 * The Industrial Revolution began about a century later in Germany than it did in England. Germany did not exist as a political unit until the latter part of the nineteenth century. First came the Zollverein in 1833 that, by abolishing tolls between the various German principalities, made Germany into a common market. For a period of decades, until about 1860's, there were several attempts to bring industrialization to Germany, and some of which were successful. In 1870 the modern German nation was created and thereafter major industries were founded that led to the full industrialization of Germany.
 * At the time many states in Europe were rapidly moving towards industrialization as shown by the map below:[[image:WRLH035-H.gif]]
 * Industries…**
 * A rail system for Germany developed rapidly under the promotion of the German state governments. The rail system increased the demand for steel and coal. The coalfields in the Ruhr Valley were fully developed and made Germany into the foremost coal producer in Europe. A steel industry also developed and the stimulus of the coal and steel development expanded the banking and capital markets available to Germany. This helped other industries such as the chemical and electrical industries develop in the of the nineteenth century. The German chemical industry became the most advanced in the world.of the nineteenth century. The German chemical industry became the most advanced in the world.
 * Germany soon became industrialized, slowly at first, but it was soon able to compete with England and the United States as one of the industrial powers of the earth. This industry is the direct produce of German technical education. Professor Liebig founded the first chemical laboratory in 1827, at the University of Giessen. The successes of his experiments led several provincial governments to found schools for scientific study. These technical schools and university laboratories are crucial in the industrial success of Germany, and its supremacy in the chemical industry. The branch of the chemical industry that Germany specialized in is the manufacture of dye from coal-tar. The schools prepare men for high positions in the industrial world, and train men for careers of scientific research either as professors or as laboratory scientists in the great industries. Germans, due to their success in the chemical industry, were able to refine processes, for example, in the making of steel, dye, and pharmaceutical preparations.

Nationalism…
 * Nationalism, in addition, played a major role in unifying the Germans during this period of industrialization. For example, Johann Gottfried von Herder sang the praises o the German Volk people and their powerful language. In responce to the Enlightenment thinkers and their quest for a scientific understanding of the world, nationalists like Herder focused their attention toward individual communities and exemplified their uniqueness. Children's tales such as Cinderella were created at this time as well as a result of nationalism. They also had a strong interest in literature. which they considered to be the best guide to the Volksgeist, the poular soul or spirit to the community. Despite the pride triggered by nationalism, many Germans migrated to the Americas due to the harsh conditions in the factories and anti-Semitism.


 * References:
 * http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://info.wlu.ca/~wwwgeog/special/vgt/Figures_Germany/mod1_figures_G/Bodenschaetze.jpg&imgrefurl=http://info.wlu.ca/~wwwgeog/special/vgt/English/ger_mod1/unit7.htm&usg=__USBVGVcjghC3J3WfqsWLFfK6IXQ=&h=927&w=650&sz=134&hl=en&start=13&itbs=1&tbnid=tx7SkFCrT7p7nM:&tbnh=147&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dindustrialization%2Bin%2Bgermany%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1
 * http://info.wlu.ca/~wwwgeog/special/vgt/English/ger_mod1/unit7.htm
 * http://blog.marshotelonline.com/2007/08/
 * http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob49.html
 * http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~rdalton/germany/ch1/chap1.htm