Industralization+Today+in+China+and+India

Jimmy Clinton, Jasper Gallagher, Jaclyn H.

A majority of the Chinese population worked in agriculture before the Industrial Revolution, however the Revolution created jobs that were quickly filled. Many large industries moved their manufacturing plants to China due to cheap labor and the lack of taxes. There are industrial towns in China that only focus on producing one thing, such as lightbulbs or socks, because these towns are built around their manufacturing plants.

1) Qing China was not a poor and static society but enjoyed a standard of living that was comparable to Europe's right through the early 1800s 2) Chinese markets were both "much larger" and "closer to Smith's model of perfect competition than markets in Britain" (22) 3) China's foreign trade was "immense" (27) 4) far from being "despotic," the Chinese Qing state was even less intrusive than Britain's: not only was the Chinese army "comparatively small," but Britain had "more than 30 times as many public servants per head of the population," plus Chinese taxes seem to have been lower (8, 28-29) 5) China in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, in terms of social mobility, "was just as much, or if you prefer, just as little, an 'open society' as Britain was;" 6) Weber was wrong: Chinese "rationality, work ethos, business acumen, and love of profit" (35) were just as vivid as in Britain 7) as late as the end of the eighteenth century, "China's agriculture per hectare still was much more productive than Britain's agriculture [...] in terms of productivity per labourer the differences between both countries or their core regions were minimal" (39). Rapid growth for the past 100 yearsWaning dynastySeries of internal rebellionsIncreasing pressure for free trade Numerous military defeatsSelf Strengthening MovementHundred Days ReformLed to the rebellion in 1911Marked the beginning of a change in family structure 8) China is still considered to be "behind" in the modern industrial world. Early development of water powered machinery

China failed to create a industruialized capitalistic economy at times when European societies thrived on industry. This only ocurred later in Chinese history with the rise of communism. It is a truism that all cultures must organize their lives in a //practical-rational// manner as a matter of survival. It is not enough, therefore, to argue that the Chinese were for many centuries more sophisticated and advanced than Europeans in many cultural areas—technological or economic—that could be adapted to many practical activities. It is not enough either to argue—against Weber—that early modern India and China were highly developed manufacturing countries in which methods of rational accounting (which Jack Goody agrees cannot be described as "full double-entry" techniques) were used by merchants, as would be expected of any enterprise, especially large scale trading companies.[|30] Weber drew a definitive line between "capitalism" and "modern [European] capitalism." Capitalism defined as the exchange of goods and calculations of profit, including some degree of "capital accounting," is not the same thing as "modern capitalism." The latter involves the //formal// rationalization of the whole sphere of //economic// life, that is, the systematic rationalization of the entire process of production, distribution, and exchange, including a "modern economic ethos" or "a this-worldly spirit" that provides the motivation for a methodical approach to labour, and legitimates the rigorous organization of the workforce according to the rules of efficient management. The creation of a steam-driven factory economy was a revolution in the rationalization of means-end action.

Industrialization in China has proved to be beneficial to their economy, however, these industries have had negative effects on the environment. It is a fact that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air has been on the rise as a result of industrialization.

Industrialization in China: []

India's Industrialization: []

Industrialization in many countries including India and China: []

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