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=**ONLY THE VORPAL SWORD CAN SLAY THE JABBERWOCKY**= =**ONCE THE JABBERWOCKY HAS BEEN SLAIN, THE HATTER WILL FUTTERWACHIN VIGOROUSLY**=


 * [[image:http://api.ning.com/files/kX*LFPvx4SFMMQMYsrSDIAYo8LYm-kfSSQfMh2w2kYQPOgupyqH2z19KNwPclicam8JamHJLNl4ixdp*ZIaKr5Dz*c7OD-k-/wharrgarbl.jpg caption="http://api.ning.com/files/kX*LFPvx4SFMMQMYsrSDIAYo8LYm-kfSSQfMh2w2kYQPOgupyqH2z19KNwPclicam8JamHJLNl4ixdp*ZIaKr5Dz*c7OD-k-/wharrgarbl.jpg"]] ||
 * http://api.ning.com/files/kX*LFPvx4SFMMQMYsrSDIAYo8LYm-kfSSQfMh2w2kYQPOgupyqH2z19KNwPclicam8JamHJLNl4ixdp*ZIaKr5Dz*c7OD-k-/wharrgarbl.jpg ||

 Wharrgarbl \war-GAR-bel\ (noun) 1. a bunch of nonsensical bullshiat that is spewed forth from someones mouth 2. the struggle against man and technology during the industrial revolution

j chin checked the website... good student right there. oh an it means like the struggle against technology Tyler put that up! j turock is also a good student! (much better than j n than =p) j castle is an even better student.... ( much better than j chin AND j turock.. ;p )


 * [[image:http://i234.photobucket.com/albums/ee127/MrFugi/DogSprinkler.jpg caption="wharrgarbl. Represnts the struggle against man and technology during the industrial revolution"]] ||
 * wharrgarbl. Represnts the struggle against man and technology during the industrial revolution ||


 * [[image:industrial.jpg caption="Sexual harassment PANDA"]] ||
 * Sexual harassment PANDA ||





[|http://www.mimersbrunn.com/The_Industrial_Revolution_in_Great_Britain_14433.htm]


 * || The most far-reaching, influential transformation of human culture since the advent of agriculture eight or ten thousand years ago, was the industrial revolution of eighteenth century Europe. The consequences of this revolution would change irrevocably human labor, consumption, family structure, social structure, and even the very soul and thoughts of the individual. This revolution involved more than technology; to be sure, there had been industrial "revolutions" throughout European history and non-European history. In Europe, for instance, the twelfth and thirteenth centuries saw an explosion of technological knowledge and a consequent change in production and labor. However, the industrial revolution was more than technology—impressive as this technology was. What drove the industrial revolution were profound social changes, as Europe moved from a primarily agricultural and rural economy to a capitalist and urban economy, from a household, family-based economy to an industry-based economy. This required rethinking social obligations and the structure of the family; the abandonment of the family economy, for instance, was the most dramatic change to the structure of the family that Europe had ever undergone—and we're still struggling with these changes.

In 1750, the European economy was overwhelmingly an agricultural economy. The land was owned largely by wealthy and frequently aristocratic landowners; they leased the land to tenant farmers who paid for the land in real goods that they grew or produced. Most non-agricultural goods were produced by individual families that specialized in one set of skills: wagon-wheel manufacture, for instance. Most capitalist activity focused on mercantile activity rather than production; there was, however, a growing manufacturing industry growing up around the logic of mercantilism.

The European economy, though, had become a global economy. In our efforts to try to explain why the Industrial Revolution took place, the globalization of the European economy is a compelling explanation. European trade and manufacture stretched to every continent except Antarctica; this vast increase in the market for European goods in part drove the conversion to an industrial, manufacturing economy. Why other nations didn't initially join this revolution is in part explained by the monopolistic control that the Europeans exerted over the global economy. World trade was about making //Europeans// wealthy, not about enriching the colonies or non-Western countries.

Another reason given for the Industrial Revolution is the substantial increase in the population of Europe; this is such an old chestnut of historians that we don't question it. Population growth, however, is a mysterious affair to explain; it most often occurs when standards of production rise. So whether the Industrial Revolution was started off by a rise in population, or whether the Industrial Revolution started a rise in population is hard to guess. It's clear, though, that the transition to an industrial, manufacturing economy required more people to labor at this manufacture. While the logic of a national economy founded centrally on the family economy and family production is more or less a subsistence economy—most production is oriented around keeping the family alive, the logic of a manufacturing economy is a__surplus__ economy. In a manufacturing economy, a person's productive labor needs to produce __more__ than they need to keep life going. This surplus production is what produces profits for the owners of the manufacture. This surplus economy not only makes population growth possible, it makes it desirable. ||

Easier - An industrial revolution occurs when people move from living and working on farms to working in factories and living in cities. This occurred in North American in the late 1800s and early 1900s. This movement had both positive and negative effects on people. More, better, and inexpensive goods, transportation, and communication were possible. On the other hand, industry also brought pollution, child labor issues, and crowded cities. Harder - In the histories of nations, innovations in technology have sometimes occurred at such a rapid pace that the era became known as an industrial revolution. The first Industrial Revolution occurred in Great Britain between 1750 and 1830. Developments there moved the country from a largely rural population that made its livelihood almost entirely from agriculture to a town-centered society that was increasingly engaged in factory manufacture. Later in the 19th century, similar revolutionary transformations occurred in other European nations and the United States. The main effects were not felt in countries like Russia and Japan until the 20th century. In other countries these transformational developments are only now occurring or still lie in the future.
 * **England** || While it's hard to pinpoint a beginning to the Industrial Revolution, historians generally agree that it basically originated in England, both in a series of technological and social innovations. Historians propose a number of reasons. Among the most compelling is the exponential increase in food production following the enclosure laws of the eighteenth century; Parliament passed a series of laws that permitted lands that had been held in common by tenant farmers to be enclosed into large, private farms worked by a much smaller labor force. While this drove peasants off the land, it also increased agricultural production //and// increased the urban population of England, since the only place displaced peasants had to go were the cities. The English Parliament, unlike the monarchies of Europe, was firmly under the control of the merchant and capitalist classes, so the eighteenth century saw a veritable army of legislation that favored mercantile and capitalist interests.

Because of the strong role of Parliament in English government and the incredible influence of capitalists and mercantilists, social values had also been steadily shifting in England. In continental Europe, the aristocracy represented the fullest embodiment of social values. They believed that they were born with higher virtues than the common people, who, because of their birth would never attain these virtues to the same level. They also believed that the pursuit of money was a characteristic of common people; the mercantile and capitalist revolutions throughout Europe, in England, was achieved by the non-aristocratic classes—it was a middle-class or **bourgeois** revolution.

The diminished role of the aristocracy in English government and society, however, allowed for a steady shift in values; the values of the mercantile and capitalist classes slowly became the norm—the most important of these values was the pursuit of wealth. Adam Smith's //The Wealth of Nations// proposed that the only legitimate goal of national government and human activity is the steady increase in the overall wealth of the nation. This is not an idea that would have flown two hundred years earlier.

Mercantilism had thrived in England in ways that it hadn't on the continent. In particular, the English had no internal tariffs or duties on commerce, which wasn't true of any of the continental European states. Moving goods around in continental Europe was an expensive affair as you had to pay taxes and duties every hundred miles or so; moving goods around in England was cheap, and profits soared. In addition, England had come to monopolize overseas trade. Every time England fought a war in the eighteenth century it always acquired new overseas territory. It completely monopolized trade with the North American colonies—in fact, one-half of all British exports went to America in the 1780's—but it also began to control the South American and, most importantly, the Indian trade. All this trade produced the largest merchant marine in the world as well as a navy to protect this merchant marine fleet. Like Periclean Athens, England shot to the forefront of the new capitalist economy primarily through its navy.

The technological innovations followed these social and economic changes. The first major technological innovation was the cotton gin. Cotton is a plant grown in America and India; it was a small industry through much of the seventeenth century but exploded in the middle of the eighteenth. Most cotton was produced in British colonies; because it was a labor-intensive agriculture, it fueled the traffic in African slaves to the colonies—the cotton shroud that fell over the history of Africa. The first innovation in cotton manufacture was the fly-shuttle, which greatly speeded up the process of weaving cotton threads into cloth. That wasn't enough, though, for cotton had to be stretched out or spun into threads to begin with; this process was done slowly, one thread at a time, by a machine called a spinning wheel. This slow process was mechanized by James Hargreaves, a carpenter, in what is usually pointed to as one of the typological major technological innovations of the Industrial Age: the "spinning jenny." Patented in 1767, the spinning jenny was a series of simple machines rather than a single machine, and it spun sixteen threads of cotton simultaneously. These two qualities: multiple machines in a single machine as well as a machine that was designed not just to speed up work, but to do the work of several laborers simultaneously, was the hallmark of all subsequent technological innovations. In 1793, the American, Eli Whitney, invented the cotton gin which mechanized the separating of seeds from cotton fibers. These innovations made cotton incredibly cheap and infinitely expandable; since cotton clothing was tougher than wool, the manufacture of cotton clothing shot through the roof. By the end of the eighteenth century, the manufacture of thread and cloth was slowly moving out of the family economy and into large factory mills, though this transition would not be fully realized until the middle of the nineteenth century.

While the spinning jenny is frequently pointed to as the first, major technological innovation of the industrial revolution, the invention that really drove the revolution in the eighteenth century was invented several decades earlier: the steam engine. Along with the growth in the cotton industry, the steel industry began to grow by leaps and bounds. This was largely due to a quirk in English geography: England sits on vast quantities of coal, a carbon based mineral derived from ancient life forms. Coal burns better and more efficiently than wood and, if you have lots of coal, is infinitely cheaper. The English figured out that they could substitute coal for wood in the melting of metals, including iron, and blissfully went about tearing coal from the ground while manufacturers in Europe looked on jealously.

Mining coal, however, was not an easy task. As you drew more and more coal out of the ground, you had to mine deeper and deeper. The deeper the mine, the more it fills with water. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen built a simple steam engine that pumped water from the mines. It was a single piston engine, and so it used vast amounts of energy. Because of its inefficiency, nobody could think of any use for it besides pumping water. Easier - An industrial revolution occurs when people move from living and working on farms to working in factories and living in cities. This occurred in North American in the late 1800s and early 1900s. This movement had both positive and negative effects on people. More, better, and inexpensive goods, transportation, and communication were possible. On the other hand, industry also brought pollution, child labor issues, and crowded cities. || Harder - **In the histories of nations, innovations in technology have sometimes occurred at such a rapid pace that the era became known as an industrial revolution. The first Industrial Revolution occurred in Great Britain between 1750 and 1830. Developments there moved the country from a largely rural population that made its livelihood almost entirely from agriculture to a town-centered society that was increasingly engaged in factory manufacture. Later in the 19th century, similar revolutionary transformations occurred in other European nations and the United States. The main effects were not felt in countries like Russia and Japan until the 20th century. In other countries these transformational developments are only now occurring or still lie in the future.**

The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) was of great importance to the economic development of the United States. The first __[|Industrial Revolution]__occurred in Great Britain and Europe during the late eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution then centered on the United States and Germany. The Industrial Revolution itself refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory. The first industrial revolution was important for the inventions of spinning and weaving machines operated by water power which was eventually replaced by steam. This helped increase America’s growth. However, the industrial revolution truly changed American society and economy into a modern urban-industrial state.

Quigs take this seriously, its informational about this stuff

//**Agricultural Changes**//
KITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Agriculture occupied a prominent position in the English way of life of this period. Not only was its importance rooted in the subsistence of the population, but agriculture was an indispensable source of raw materials for the textile industry. Wool and cotton production for the manufacture of cloth increased in each successive year, as did the yield of food crops.  The improved yield of the agricultural sector can be attributed to the enclosure movement and to improved techniques and practices developed during this period. A common practice in early agriculture was to allow the land to lie fallow after it had been exhausted through cultivation. Later it was discovered that the cultivation of clover and other legumes would help to restore the fertility of the soil. The improved yields also increased the amount of food available to sustain livestock through the winter. This increased the size of herds for meat on the table and allowed farmers to begin with larger herds in the spring than they had previously.  Other advances in agriculture included the use of sturdier farm implements fashioned from metal. Up until this period most farming implements were made entirely out of wood. We do not find much technical innovation beyond the slight improvements made on existing implements. We do find increased energy being placed into the breeding of livestock, control of insects, improved irrigation and farming methods, developing new crops and the use of horsepower in the fields to replace oxen as a source of power.  These changes which have occurred in agriculture made it possible to feed all of the people that were attracted to the industrial centers as factory workers. By providing enough food to sustain an adequate work force, England was preparing the way for expansion of the economy and industry.  A strategy which may be employed to promote the students’ understanding of the changes that have occurred in agriculture during the period of this unit, and from this period to today’s modern farms, is to start with the present and work back in time to the period we are studying. Students may participate in an informative and interesting discussion centered around today’s farming methods and machinery. Classroom activities could also center about constructing a chart which lists farming methods in pre-industrial revolution times, during the industrial revolution and today. Also, activities could be centered around having students write letters to manufacturers of farm machinery, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or other farm-related concerns (e.g., farm museums).  In 18th century England, the enclosure of common village fields into individual landholdings, or the division of unproductive land into private property was the first significant change to occur. This concentrated the ownership of the land into the hands of a few, and made it possible to institute improved farming techniques on a wider scale. Students may engage in a debate over the question of enclosure, concerning its effect on the rural poor. Historians are not in complete agreement on the effects of enclosure on the poor, some arguing that it contributed to swelling the numbers of poor, while others argue that their plight was only marginally related to the enclosure movement. An excellent resource for the teacher’s use in this section is Chapter Seven of E. P. Thompson’s book, //The Making of the English Working Class//. : **D** ** :) :( :'( C : 8D :P ;) :/ :O :l :] :[ **

I give you waffle.
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