2.+Cultural+Transformations

​​​ = = =Jared Chin, Elixyvette Garcia, Lizzie Llorens, Pallavi Tatapudy, Kristen Tenore, Luke Watson = =__C__ __u__ __l__ __t__ __u__ __r__ __a__ __l__ __T__ __r__ __a__ __n__ __s__ __f__ __o__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__r__ <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__m__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__a__ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__t__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__i__ <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__o__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__n__ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 26px;">__s__ =

The concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy.

 * The Industrial Revolution started the path towards the idea of consumerism and thoughts more towards aiding the economy.
 * Consumerism was a result of the Industrial revolution. It came because of all the new products that were being produced and the more efficient ways of producing them which led to more consumer purchasing.
 * Through this time period our planets natural recources were, and since then, are still being used up extremely quickly as a result of consumerism. They thought only for the economy, rather than what it would do to the earth. Because of this, there was much harm done to our planet.
 * Though it did harm the earth, consumerism obviously did help the economy in the revolution.
 * Consumerism was brought about because companies wanted to make their products more well known. Many businesses did whatever they could to get their product out to the publc. There were basically no limits to what they would do.
 * Many companies started coming out with slogans and catalogs that would catch the consumer's eye. They did this to attract consumers to their specific products. For example, if there were several companies manufacturing canned goods there would be big competition for business. Slogans were made to appeal to a certain crowd and increase demand on that product. Business was the number one priority. Anything would be done to promote it.
 * Due to high supply and demand, there was a major boost in middle class spending.
 * Many learned to dislike consumerism because of the ruthlessness of the companies and stores who were competing for the biggest profit. Monopolies, like Rockefellar's oil monopoly, soon took over much of the business world. Laws were then created to abolish these monopolies, cartels and trusts. One such law was the Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890. Opposition to the concentration of economic power large corporations held led Congress to pass this act.

To benefit the economy, manufacturing companies were primarily concerned about getting their products on market and selling them to bring in a sufficient profit. In order for this to happen, some companies offered paying advantages so consumers who did not necessarily have the money at the time, could buy the product anyhow. When they had the money in hand, they could pay later, as the picture says. =<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> = <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">During this era, the focus was more on how much money one should spend on a product rather than how much one should save in the bank. Material wealth became more importance.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 169%;"> = = =<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">Romanticism = <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">If the Enlightenment was a movement which started among a tiny elite and slowly spread to make its influence felt throughout society, Romanticism was more widespread both in its origins and influence. No other intellectual/artistic movement has had comparable variety, reach, and staying power since the end of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Germany and England in the 1770s, by the 1820s it had swept through Europe, conquering at last even its most stubborn foe, the French. It traveled quickly to the Western Hemisphere, and in its musical form has triumphed around the globe, so that from London to Boston to Mexico City to Tokyo to Vladivostok to Oslo, the most popular orchestral music in the world is that of the romantic era. After almost a century of being attacked by the academic and professional world of Western formal concert music, the style has reasserted itself as neoromanticism in the concert halls. When John Williams created the sound of the future in //<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Star Wars, //<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">it was the sound of 19th-century Romanticism--still the most popular style for epic film soundtracks. Beginning in the last decades of the 18th century, it transformed poetry, the novel, drama, painting, sculpture, all forms of concert music (especially opera), and ballet. It was deeply connected with the politics of the time, echoing people's fears, hopes, and aspirations. It was the voice of revolution at the beginning of the 19th century and the voice of the Establishment at the end of it. This last shift was the result of the triumph of the class which invented, fostered, and adopted as its own the romantic movement: the bourgeoisie. To understand why this should have been so, we need to look more closely at the nature of the style and its origins.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Romanticism was a way to revolt from the developing capitalist and industrial societies of the 19th century through creativity and cultural expression.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">It was and still is a cultural movement that embraced all aspects of life: music, literature, art, politics, philosophy and more.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">This was a way that people could freely express their ideals through creative means.

<span style="color: #fb2d28; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 144%;">**Romanticism is the expression of man's urge to rise above reason and common sense, just as rationalism is the expression of his urge to rise above theology and emotion.** <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 99%;">- - - Author Charles Yost describes the importance of Romanticism in the quote above. Through Romanticism, a person in the 19th century could temporarily leave logic behind and explore ideas and concepts that brought out the creativity in one's mind. It gave people the freedom to express themselves in other ways, not having to use "reason and commen sense." code MILTON! thou should'st be living at this hour: England hath need of thee: she is a fen Of stagnant waters: altar, sword, and pen, Fireside, the heroic wealth of hall and bower, Have forfeited their ancient English dower Of inward happiness. We are selfish men; Oh! raise us up, return to us again; And give us manners, virtue, freedom, power. Thy soul was like a Star, and dwelt apart: Thou hadst a voice whose sound was like the sea: Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free, So didst thou travel on life's common way, In cheerful godliness; and yet thy heart The lowliest duties on herself did lay. code <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">This poem by William Wordsworth was written as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. Land that used to be occupied by farms and peaceful towns are being destroyed to develop new industrial zones.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-Charles Yost **

by William Blake
 * And did those feet in ancient time**

And did those feet in ancient time. Walk upon Englands mountains green: And was the holy Lamb of God, On Englands pleasant pastures seen!

And did the Countenance Divine, Shine forth upon our clouded hills? And was Jerusalem builded here, Among these dark Satanic Mills?

Bring me my Bow of burning gold; Bring me my Arrows of desire: Bring me my Spear: O clouds unfold! Bring me my Chariot of fire!

I will not cease from Mental Fight, Nor shall my Sword sleep in my hand: Till we have built Jerusalem, In Englands green & pleasant Land

This poem was written by William Blake, a famous poet from the romantic era. He describes "ancient times" with descriptions of a golden age including green mountains. Blake refers to the holy land, "was (it) builded here, among these dark Satanic Mills?," clearly standing against the mills and factories developed during the industrial revolution.



John Singleton Copley's painting reflects the romantic movement during the industrial revolution. In the backround you can see the comercial harbors as well as the distorted image of a woman being lost to a shark in the ocean. The unrealistic image is created as a result of the development of cameras; the purpose of art was no longer to have an accurate perception of an event but rather to invoke emotion unlike that seen in original realistic art.




 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Impressionism was a French movement that influenced art and music throughout much of the 19th century.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">This, much like romanticism, was a way that people could express themselves by using creativity and artistic expression.
 * In Fra<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">nce, many people began to use different painting techniques to escape the rigid strokes of previous times.
 * Impressionists used quick, broken brushstrokes.
 * This method allows the viewer to clearly see the traces of the brush and gives impressionist paintings an unfinished appearance
 * To capture a given moment, artists omitted detail in favor of the overall effect of the painting.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">They looked at their subjects from unusual angles and often cropped or framed their work in a way that was new to painting. It gave people a new perspective on life.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">A scene is often captured as if in passing or through the lens of a camera (a new invention at the time that enabled the Impressionists to study movement and gesture in real-life situations). The invention of the camera allowed people to take pictures of things, events or people that were a part of daily life. Impressionist paintings were no longer restricted to the ordinary aspects of life. Artists began to expand their creativity and use their imagination to a greater extent.

<span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">Claude Monet “Impression, Sunrise” <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Impressionism began as an association of Paris-based artists. Impressionist painters strove to break away from the traditional rules of subject matter, technique, and composition in painting, and created their own, unique style. Open Composition is the main characteristic of this painting style with an emphasis on light, changing time an <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">d movement. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">With the 19th century Industrial Revolution and the reconstruction of Paris into a modern city, the city scene became one of the Impressionists' favorite subject.

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Post Impressionism
===<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">The modern art/contemporary art movement of post impressionism started in the late 19th century and marked the decline of impressionism. It was an evolution from impressionism. Post impressionism was about creating form with broken colour and short brush strokes. The effect is that you get a more emotive representation of an object. ===

Neo- Impressionism




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 * 6) http://www.grudart.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=145&Itemid=9
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 * 9) ^ [|//**a**//] [|//**b**//] [|"The William Blake Archive"] (in english). //Milton a Poem, copy B, object 2 (Bentley 2, Erdman 1 [i], Keynes 2) "Milton a Poem"//. []. Transcription of original . [] . Retrieved 1 March 2010.