Economic+Areas+Of+Industrialization

__ Economic Areas of Industrialization __ created by: Katja Burke, Grace Ramsay, Julia Turock, Priyal Soni

__Agriculture__

 * During the period of industrialization agriculture underwent many changes. Previously agricultural tools were often made of wood. During this time period machinery used for farming was improved by incorporating strong metals to make sturdy agricultural implements. The seed drill came into popular used during this era and was used to distribute seeds across a plot of land. The steel plow was another agricultural innovation that increased the yields of farming. Also, prior to this era farmers often let land lie unused after it had been exhausted by growing crops. During industrialization it was discovered that growing clovers or other legumes in fields would restore the fertility.**


 * These new agricultural techniques and implements increased the production of crops and allowed many people to focus on tasks other than growing food. Since agriculture was made more efficient, less people were required to produce the same amount of food. This made people available to go work in factories and encouraged industrialization. Agriculture also allowed for industrialization because it provided the capitol necessary for industry. Britain gained much wealth from the agricultural productivity of its colonies in the Western Hemisphere. The money that was earned from growing cash crops in the Americas went mostly to European nations where it was used as capitol to start new industries.**

__Transportation (namely railroads)__

 * Before industrialization there were few motorized forms of transportation. For short distance people walked and when people had to travel longer distances they were limited to ships and horse-drawn wagons. During the period of industrialization new forms of transportation were used that enabled goods and people to be transported larger distances in much quicker times. Without these new methods of transportation industrialization could not have been possible. One key method of transportation was the steam locomotive. In 1804 Richard Trevithick, built the first steam locomotive. Soon trains were used to transport goods across long distance which encouraged industrialization. Also, the building of railways and expanding the use of trains caused developments in other industries such as the coal, iron, and glass industries.**





**__Manufacturing__**

 * Coal increased odds for industrial breakthrough where industrial expansion started with Britain textiles. In order to increase production they turned to invention that rapidly mechanized the cotton textile industry. Before the industrial revolution most production and manufacturing was done by the putting out system. Families or groups of people living together would all work on producing goods. However with the invention of more efficient machinery like the mule and the power loom, it was impossible to work at home. The machines were too big for their country homes. So, the factory system replaced the putting out system. Before the industrial revolution a very small percentage of people lived in cities. During the revolution, people moved to the city in big numbers. The factory system allowed lots of goods be produced cheaply. Workers worked long hours in unsafe conditions for a very small salary. It was improved on by the assembly line, which allowed goods to be produced even quicker as each person had one simple task. However, assembly line work is monotonous, and workers would sometimes lose concentration and get injured by the machinery. **

__**Innovations & Inventions**__

 - **Invented by John Kay **  - **Makes weaving faster and resulted in a higher demand ** ** for thread **  - **Made it possible to be operated by one weaver ** 
 * __Flying shuttle (1733) __**

**__ “Mule” (1779) __**  - **Invented by Samuel Crompton ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Use for spinning cotton which was improved by the invention of steam power ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Gave people control over weaving process **

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">**__<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Power Loom (1785) __** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Invented by Edmond Cartwright ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Used for weaving as it combined thread to make cloth ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Because it was so efficient, women replaced men in textile factories **

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">**__<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> General Purpose Steam Engine (1765) __** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Invented by James Watt ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Used coal and water to drive piston which turned wheel ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Due to increased productivity, cheaper prices **

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> **__<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Iron and Steel __** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Coke (purified coal) cheaper than charcoal ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Resulted in increased productivity of iron ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Bessemer Converter produced steel cheaply **

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> **__Assembly Line__** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> **-invernted by Henry Ford** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> **-more efficient, each worder had one specific job** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> **-resulted in dehumanization of workers.**

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REFERNECES
 * http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html
 * http://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications_papers/pub_display.cfm?id=3333
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 * http://webinstituteforteachers.org/%7Ebobfinn/2003/industrialrevolution.htm
 * http://www.dmoz.org/Society/History/By_Time_Period/Eighteenth_Century/Industrial_Revolution//
 * http://www.open2.net/industrialrevolution/
 * http://www.helium.com/items/1312904-transportation-during-the-industrial-revolution
 * []
 * []
 * []
 * []#
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